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This textbook offers a comprehensive overview of the chemistry of fossil fuels, from their organic origins to their modern classification. The book begins by characterizing the organogenic elements—carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur—as they appear in both living matter and fossilized deposits.
The main section details the properties and composition of various fossil fuels, including natural gas, oil and naphthides, peat, lignite, hard coal, anthracite, sapropelites, and oil shale. It also covers their secondary alterations in deposits within hypergenesis and catagenesis zones. The text provides an overview of analytical methods for studying these fuels and traces the connection between the molecular composition of living matter and that of caustobioliths (chemofossils). This connection is presented for the geological and geochemical interpretation of analytical data. Examples of material and material-genetic classifications of caustobioliths are described. The book also surveys modern methods for interpreting data on the molecular composition of oil and rock organic matter, and discusses both abiogenic and organic concepts of oil origin, including the arguments for biogenic hypotheses and the sedimentary-migration theory.
This textbook is intended for students, master's students, and postgraduates specializing in the geology, prospecting, exploration, and exploitation of oil and gas fields.
